POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN DISEASE:
Definition:
PCOD (Poly Cystic Ovarian Disease) or PCOS (Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome) is a disease characterized by multiple (‘poly’) cysts (small sacs filled with fluid) in the ovaries.

Patients with PCOD have abnormal levels of hormones that result in irregular menses, infertility and certain masculine changes in the body.

Causes:
1.Genetic factors
2.Environmental factors

Symptoms: 
• Irregular menses (usually delayed)
• Weight gain and difficulty in losing weight
• Acne, oily skin, dandruff
• Excessive hair growth on the face, chest, back
• Thinning of hair
• Infertility
• Miscarriage
• High blood pressure
• Diabetes
• High cholesterol

Suggestion about homeopathic treatment:
Homeopathic approach towards management of PCOD is constitutional, taking into account the presenting complaints along with physical, mental and genetic make-up that individualizes a person. Homeopathic medicines which act at root level can bring back deviations of hormonal system back to normal and in many cases abolish the need for exogenous hormones with their side-effects and complicating surgical procedures.Moreover, with this hormonal harmony, chances of conception increase significantly.Homeopathic treatment is positively recommended in management of PCOD.

DYSMENORRHEA :
Painful menstruation.

Classification:
1. Congestive
2. Spasmodic
3. Membranous

Primary dysmenorrhea:

In primary dysmenorrhea, there is no underlying gynecologic problem causing the pain. This type of cramping may begin within six months to a year following menarche (the beginning of menstruation), the time when a girl starts having menstrual periods. Menstrual cramps typically do not begin until ovulatory menstrual cycles (when an egg is released from the ovaries) occur, and actual menstrual bleeding usually begins before the onset of ovulation. Therefore, an adolescent girl may not experience dysmenorrhea until months to years following the onset of menstruation.

Secondary dysmenorrhea:

In secondary dysmenorrhea, some underlying abnormal condition (usually involving a woman’s reproductive system) contributes to the menstrual pain. Secondary dysmenorrhea may be evident at menarche but, more often, the condition develops later.

Causes:

Each month, the inner lining of the uterus (the endometrium) normally builds up in preparation for a possible pregnancy. After ovulation, if the egg is not fertilized by a sperm, no pregnancy will result and the current lining of the uterus is no longer needed. The woman’s estrogen and progesterone hormone levels decline, and the lining of the uterus becomes swollen and is eventually shed as the menstrual flow and is replaced by a new lining in the next monthly cycle.

When the old uterine lining begins to break down, molecular compounds called prostaglandins are released. These compounds cause the muscles of the uterus to contract. When the uterine muscles contract, they constrict the blood supply (vasoconstriction) to the endometrium. This contraction blocks the delivery of oxygen to the tissue of the endometrium which, in turn, breaks down and dies. After the death of this tissue, the uterine contractions literally squeeze the old endometrial tissue through the cervix and out of the body by way of the vagina. Other substances known as leukotrienes, which are chemicals that play a role in the inflammatory response, are also elevated at this time and may be related to the development of menstrual cramps.

Other factors:

* Narrow cervical canal tends to increase menstrual cramps.
* Another anatomical factor thought to contribute to menstrual cramps is a backwards tilting of the uterus (a retroverted uterus).
* Lack of exercise is now recognized to contribute to painful menstrual cramps.
* Psychological factors-any emotional stress can increase the discomfort of menstrual cramps.

Symptoms:

• Menstrual cramps are pains that begin in the lower abdomen and pelvis. The discomfort can extend to the lower back or legs. The cramps can be a quite painful or simply a dull ache. They can be periodic or continual.
• Menstrual cramps usually start shortly before the menstrual period, peak within 24 hours after the onset of the bleeding, and subside again after a day or two.
• Menstrual cramps may be accompanied by a headache and/or nausea, which can lead, although infrequently, to the point of vomiting.
• Menstrual cramps can also be accompanied by either constipation or diarrhea because the prostaglandins which cause smooth muscles to contract are found in both the uterus and intestinal tract. Some women experience an urge to urinate more frequently.

Remarks:
Excessive production of prostaglandins is one of the major causes for most signs and symptoms of dysmenorrhea. Primary dysmenorrhea is almost wholly due to this and may be due to a tight cervix, the mouth of the uterus. Such cases improve totally after a normal child birth due to stretching of the uterine musculature. Secondary dysmenorrhea, however, needs proper investigating into in order to know the causative pathology. The underlying pathology needs to be treated to control painful menses. Pain-killers can only offer temporary relief. The common causes of secondary dysmenorrhea are pelvic infections, congestive or inflammatory conditions within the pelvis like endometriosis, uterine tumors such as polyps or fibroids, and the presence of a foreign body such as an intrauterine contraceptive device [IUCD].

Suggestion about homeopathic treatment:
Homeopathy has a promising role to play in cases of dysmenorrhea. The medicines are known to reduce the severity of the pain as well as to treat the cause, whenever possible. Every patient with dysmenorrhea may present with a different set of individual symptoms, which are carefully noted while deciding the homeopathic line of treatment. Homeopathic treatment is strongly suggested.

VAGINAL DISCHARGE:
In healthy woman the vagina contains a small quantity of watery secretion when it become in creased is quantity it termed as leucorrhoea. But now a days it is used incorrectly to describe any white vaginal discharge of a non-purulent nature.

classification:
1.Physiological vaginal discharge
2.Pathological vaginal discharge

suggestion about homoeopathy treatment:
Even though many germicides available to kill fungus, bacteria or parasite, there is recurrence of the complaints. Immunity plays important role in their elimination. Homoeopathy is focused on the particular individual study of the patient with disease symptoms, which could protect and eliminate the infection successfully. Clinical efficacy is seen in many cases.